Russia's framework limits retail purchases to 300,000 rubles per year per broker. Non-qualified investors can only trade through registered financial institutions, not peer-to-peer.
Brazil's central bank mandated that crypto firms hold overseas transfers over $10,000 for 24 hours after funding, effective January 1, 2027. A compliance requirement to slow capital flight.
Neither Russia nor Brazil is banning crypto. Instead, both are licensing firms and adding friction to cross-border flows. The goal is regulatory visibility and capital control.
Retail investors in these countries gain access to Bitcoin and Ethereum through banks and brokers, but with limits and oversight. It mirrors how stocks are regulated: permitting, not prohibiting.
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