crypto
02

KelpDAO and Drift led the list

KelpDAO lost about $292 million and Drift Protocol about $285 million, the two single largest thefts reported in the first half of the year.

crypto
03

State-linked groups dominated

North Korea-linked activity, tied to the TraderTraitor subgroup of Lazarus, accounted for about $609 million, or 55% of all reported H1 losses.

crypto
04

Bridges, layer-2s and stolen keys

The leading attack vectors were cross-chain bridges, Ethereum layer-2 exploits and compromised private keys, all long-known weak points.

crypto
05

Ethereum and Solana split the damage

Ethereum-related losses were about $332 million and Solana-related about $326 million, a near-even split between the two largest smart-contract platforms.

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